Introduction to MBR sewage treatment process（mbr污水处理工艺介绍）MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) sewage treatment process is a new and efficient sewage treatment technology that combines membrane separation technology with biological treatment technology. The following provides a detailed introduction from six aspects: definition, processing flow, technical advantages, application areas, core components, and operation and maintenance:
1、 Definition and Principle
The MBR process achieves solid-liquid separation through membrane components, replacing traditional sedimentation tanks and significantly improving effluent quality. The core principle is to utilize the efficient retention effect of the membrane to completely retain microorganisms in the bioreactor, maintain high concentration activated sludge, thereby enhancing biochemical reactions and improving pollutant removal efficiency.
2、 Process flow
Pre treatment: The sewage is treated with a grid and a regulating tank to remove large particle impurities and balance the water quality and quantity.
Biological reaction: Wastewater enters bioreactors (such as anoxic tanks and aerobic tanks), where high concentrations of microorganisms are maintained through aeration to degrade organic matter and pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
Membrane separation: The effluent from the bioreactor is filtered through membrane modules, and the clean water enters the disinfection stage through the membrane. The concentrated water flows back to the regulating tank.
Disinfection and effluent: Membrane separated water is discharged or reused after being disinfected (such as chlorinated) to meet the standard.
3、 Technical advantages
Efficient solid-liquid separation: suspended solids and turbidity in the effluent are close to zero, bacteria and viruses are greatly removed, and the effluent quality is better than traditional processes.
Save floor space: eliminate the need for a secondary sedimentation tank, compact equipment, suitable for areas with tight land use.
Improve processing efficiency: maintain high concentration of microorganisms, shorten hydraulic retention time, and increase volumetric load.
Flexible control of sludge age: Independently adjust hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) to optimize microbial populations.
Low sludge production: Reduce excess sludge production by 30% -50%, lowering sludge disposal costs.
Intelligent control management: integrating technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data to achieve remote monitoring and automatic operation.
Green and low-carbon: reduce the use of chemical agents, lower energy consumption, and comply with the concept of sustainable development.
4、 Application Fields
Urban sewage treatment: treating domestic sewage with a water reuse rate of over 70%, alleviating water scarcity.
Industrial wastewater treatment: suitable for industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing, effectively removing COD, BOD, and recalcitrant organic matter.
Hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater: intercepting pathogenic microorganisms and drug residues to ensure safe effluent.
High concentration organic wastewater, such as slaughter and dairy wastewater, achieves standard discharge or resource recovery through the dual effects of biodegradation and membrane separation.
Ships and offshore platforms: Small footprint, high treatment efficiency, and effluent can be directly discharged or reused.
5、 Core components
Membrane components: including hollow fiber membranes, flat membranes, etc., with pore sizes ranging from small to nanoscale, to achieve efficient solid-liquid separation.
Bioreactor: maintains high concentration of microorganisms and provides a biochemical reaction site.
Aeration system: provides oxygen to the bioreactor and maintains microbial activity.
Regulating pool: Balance water quality and quantity, and pre treat sewage.
Disinfection device: such as chlorination disinfection equipment, to ensure that the microbiological indicators of the effluent meet the standards.
6、 Operation and maintenance
Daily operation: Automatically control the opening and closing of the suction pump based on the liquid level of the membrane tank, regularly backwash and chemically clean to maintain membrane flux.
Parameter monitoring: Record parameters such as water production, transmembrane pressure difference, temperature, etc., and promptly detect abnormalities.
Shutdown and restart: Complete backwash before normal shutdown, and restart according to the program after emergency shutdown.
Membrane component maintenance: Regularly check the integrity of the membrane, contact professional personnel for handling in case of malfunction, and replace the membrane component if chemical cleaning is ineffective.
The MBR sewage treatment process, with its high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection characteristics, has demonstrated strong competitiveness in the field of modern sewage treatment and is one of the development directions of future sewage treatment technologies.
MBR(膜生物反应器)污水处理工艺是一种将膜分离技术与生物处理技术有机结合的新型高效污水处理技术。以下从定义、处理流程、技术优势、应用领域、核心组件及操作维护六个方面进行详细介绍：
一、定义与原理
MBR工艺通过膜组件实现固液分离，替代传统沉淀池，显著提高出水水质。其核心原理是利用膜的高效截留作用，使微生物完全截留在生物反应器内，维持高浓度活性污泥，从而强化生化反应，提高污染物去除效率。
二、处理流程
预处理：污水经格栅、调节池去除大颗粒杂质，均衡水质水量。
生物反应：污水进入生物反应器(如缺氧池、好氧池)，通过曝气维持高浓度微生物，降解有机物及氮、磷等污染物。
膜分离：生物反应器出水经膜组件过滤，清水透过膜进入消毒环节，浓水回流调节池。
消毒与出水：膜分离水经消毒(如氯化)后达标排放或回用。
三、技术优势
高效固液分离：出水悬浮物和浊度接近零，细菌和病毒被大幅去除，出水水质优于传统工艺。
节省占地面积：省去二沉池，设备紧凑，适合用地紧张地区。
提高处理效率：维持高浓度微生物，缩短水力停留时间，提高容积负荷。
灵活控制泥龄：独立调节水力停留时间(HRT)和污泥停留时间(SRT)，优化微生物种群。
低污泥产量：剩余污泥产量减少30%-50%，降低污泥处置成本。
智能控制管理：集成物联网、大数据等技术，实现远程监控与自动运行。
绿色低碳：减少化学药剂使用，降低能耗，符合可持续发展理念。
四、应用领域
城市污水处理：处理生活污水，出水回用率超70%，缓解水资源短缺。
工业废水处理：适用于化工、制药、食品加工等行业，有效去除COD、BOD及难降解有机物。
医院与药厂污水：截留病原微生物及药物残留，保证出水安全。
高浓度有机废水：如屠宰、乳品废水，通过生物降解与膜分离双重作用，实现达标排放或资源回收。
船舶与海上平台：占地面积小，处理效率高，出水可直接排放或回用。
五、核心组件
膜组件：包括中空纤维膜、平板膜等，孔径微小至纳米级别，实现高效固液分离。
生物反应器：维持高浓度微生物，提供生化反应场所。
曝气系统：为生物反应器提供氧气，维持微生物活性。
调节池：均衡水质水量，预处理污水。
消毒装置：如氯化消毒设备，确保出水微生物指标达标。
六、操作维护
日常运行：根据膜池液位自动控制抽吸泵启闭，定期反洗、化学清洗以维持膜通量。
参数监测：记录产水量、跨膜压差、温度等参数，及时发现异常。
停机与再开机：正常停机前完成反洗，紧急停机后按程序重启。
膜组件维护：定期检测膜完整性，故障时联系专业人员处理，化学清洗无效时更换膜组件。
MBR污水处理工艺以其高效、节能、环保的特点，在现代污水处理领域展现出强大的竞争力，是未来污水处理技术的发展方向之一。
